This post is my note for What is…? seminar on Lüroth expansion.
Definition 1. A Lüroth expansion of a real number \(x \in (0, 1]\) is a (possibly) infinite sequence \((a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n, \cdots)\) with \(a_n \in \N\) and \(a_n \ge 2\) for all \(n \ge 1\) such that
\[\begin{equation}
x = \frac{1}{a_1} + \frac{1}{a_1(a_1-1)a_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{a_1(a_1-1)\cdots a_{n-1}(a_{n-1}-1)a_n} + \cdots
\end{equation}\]
By abuse of notation, we will something write the right hand side of
Definition 1 as
\((a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n, \cdots)\).
Given a system of representation of real numbers in \((0, 1]\), we need to determine whether these representations are 1 to 1 corresponding the numbers in \((0, 1]\). Aslo we should study the (Lüroth) shift map:
\[\begin{equation}
T: (a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n, \cdots) \mapsto (a_2, \cdots, a_n, \cdots).
\label{20170620-2}
\end{equation}\]